Twig Overview

Total CMS uses Twig as its templating engine, providing a powerful, secure, and designer-friendly way to create dynamic templates. This guide covers how Twig is integrated into Total CMS and how to use it effectively.

What is Twig?

Twig is a modern template engine for PHP that offers:

• Clean syntax - Easy to read and write
• Secure - Automatic output escaping
• Fast - Compiled templates with caching
• Flexible - Extensible with custom functions and filters
• Designer-friendly - No PHP knowledge required

Basic Syntax

Variables

Display variables using double curly braces:

{{ variable }}
{{ user.name }}
{{ product['price'] }}
{{ items[0] }}

Comments

{# This is a comment and won't appear in the output #}

Tags

Control structures use curly braces with percent signs:

{% if cms.userLoggedIn %}
    Welcome, {{ cms.userData.name }}!
{% endif %}

{% for item in items %}
    <li>{{ item.title }}</li>
{% endfor %}

Total CMS Integration

The most important Twig variable in Total CMS is cms, which fetches content from the CMS:

{# Get all items from a collection #}
{% set posts = cms.objects('blog') %}

{# Get a specific item by ID #}
{% set coolguy = cms.object('users', 'joeworkman') %}

For more information, check out the Total CMS Content with Twig docs.

Working with Collections

Displaying Blog Posts

{% set posts = cms.objects('blog') %}

<div class="blog-posts">
    {% for post in posts %}
        <article>
            <h2>{{ post.title }}</h2>
            <time>{{ post.date | date('F j, Y') }}</time>
            <div class="content">
                {{ post.content | markdown }}
            </div>
            {% if post.tags %}
                <div class="tags">
                    {% for tag in post.tags %}
                        <span class="tag">{{ tag }}</span>
                    {% endfor %}
                </div>
            {% endif %}
        </article>
    {% endfor %}
</div>

Image Galleries

{% set gallery = cms.gallery('portfolio') %}

<div class="gallery">
    <h2>{{ gallery.title }}</h2>
    <div class="grid">
        {% for image in gallery.images %}
            <figure>
                <img src="{{ image.url | resize(400, 300) }}"
                     alt="{{ image.alt }}"
                     loading="lazy">
                <figcaption>{{ image.caption }}</figcaption>
            </figure>
        {% endfor %}
    </div>
</div>

Conditional Content

{% set feature = api('toggle', 'show-newsletter') %}

{% if cms.toggle('feature') %}
    <div class="newsletter">
        {% include 'partials/newsletter-signup.twig' %}
    </div>
{% endif %}

Filters

Total CMS adds many custom filters to Twig:

Text Filters

{{ text | markdown }}              {# Convert markdown to HTML #}
{{ text | nl2br }}                 {# Convert newlines to <br> #}
{{ text | truncate(100) }}         {# Truncate to 100 characters #}
{{ text | title }}                 {# Title Case Text #}
{{ text | slug }}                  {# convert-to-slug #}

Date Filters

{{ post.date | date('F j, Y') }}           {# January 15, 2024 #}
{{ post.date | date('Y-m-d') }}            {# 2024-01-15 #}
{{ post.date | time_ago }}                 {# 2 hours ago #}
{{ post.date | date_modify('+1 day') }}    {# Add one day #}

Array/Object Filters

{{ items | first }}                        {# Get first item #}
{{ items | last }}                         {# Get last item #}
{{ items | random }}                       {# Get random item #}
{{ items | slice(0, 3) }}                  {# Get first 3 items #}
{{ items | filter(v => v.active) }}        {# Filter active items #}
{{ items | map(v => v.name) }}             {# Extract names #}

Functions

Utility Functions

{{ random(1, 100) }}                       {# Random number #}
{{ "now" | date('Y') }}                    {# Current year #}
{{ dump(variable) }}                       {# Debug variable #}

Best Practices

1. Use Template Caching

Total CMS automatically caches compiled templates. Clear cache when making large changes.

Go to Cache Manager

2. Escape Output

Twig will automatically render HTML. If you want to display the raw HTML stored in the CMS you can.

{{ html_content | e }}

Advanced Features

Global Variables

Access global variables in all templates:

{{ cms.api }}
{{ cms.dashboard }}
{{ cms.logout }}
{{ cms.domain }}

Template Debugging

Enable debug mode to use the dump() function:

{{ dump() }}               {# Dump all variables #}
{{ dump(user) }}           {# Dump specific variable #}

Error Handling

Check if Variables Exist

{% if post is defined %}
    {{ post.title }}
{% endif %}

{# Or use default filter #}
{{ post.title | default('Untitled') }}

Try-Catch Blocks

{% try %}
    {{ risky_operation() }}
{% catch %}
    <p>An error occurred</p>
{% endtry %}

Integration with JavaScript

Passing Data to JavaScript

<script>
    window.appData = {
        user: {{ user | json_encode }},
        apiUrl: "{{ api_url }}",
        csrfToken: "{{ csrf_token() }}"
    };
</script>

Dynamic JavaScript

<script>
    const items = [
        {% for item in items %}
            {
                id: {{ item.id }},
                name: "{{ item.name | e('js') }}"
            }{% if not loop.last %},{% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    ];
</script>

Resources

• Official Twig Documentation
• Total CMS Filters Reference
• Total CMS Functions Reference
• Total CMS Form Helpers

Remember: Twig makes your templates more maintainable, secure, and easier to work with. Take advantage of its features to create clean, efficient templates!